How To Increase Cooling Tower Efficiency?

cooling towers. A device for dissipating heat from processes such as water evaporation. In this article, we will introduce solutions for Increasing Cooling Tower Efficiency. Stay with us.

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is proposing to provide funding to the State of Arizona to replace parts of the heating, ventilation, and air condition system that have reached their expected useful life with more energy-efficient equipment at the Arizona State Veterans’ Home in Phoenix, AZ. Specifically, the cooling towers, condenser pumps, air dirt separator, interconnecting piping with valves and fittings, and the controls would be replaced.

 

a cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.

 

Recirculating cooling systems cool water by exposure to ambient air in either cooling towers or (less frequently) cooling ponds. Heat transfer with air occurs primarily through evaporation. As water evaporates, minerals and other impurities in the remaining coolant water become increasingly concentrated and must be removed by periodic “blowdown” cycles. Recirculating systems only withdraw makeup water to replace evaporative losses and maintain water quality. Recirculating cooling systems withdraw 20 – 80 times less water than once-through systems, but the percentage of water consumed is much greater. Once-through cooling systems consume about 4% of the water withdrawn, while recirculating systems consume 80% of the water withdrawn.

 

 

How To Increase Cooling Tower Efficiency?

Water used in the tower for the cooling process is cycled through the device a number of times before being discharged, and COC is a number that quantifies how many cycles there could be. It is considered the primary indicator of cooling tower efficiency.

Click here

You can also refer to the following resources to read about Cooling Tower Efficiency Calculation.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_tower

https://www.linquip.com/blog/increasing-cooling-tower-efficiency-calculation/

https://www.energy.gov/nepa/downloads/cx-102001-pcs-21-003-azdvs-phoenix-home-cooling-tower-replacement

https://www.wartsila.com/energy/learn-more/technical-comparisons/combustion-engine-vs-gas-turbine-water-consumption

DC and AC generators and its differences

 In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks. The first electromagnetic generator, the Faraday disk, was invented in 1831 by British scientist Michael Faraday. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.

 

This article is about the types of generators and the difference between DC and AC generators. If you have any questions about the Diff BW AC and DC Generator, read this article to the end.

AC generator is considered an electrical generator for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. This energy is in the form of alternating current or alternative EMF.

DC generators convert mechanical energy into DC electricity which is short for Direct Current.

 

 

AC Generator vs Dc Generator

AC vs. DC: The Design and Mechanism The Diff BW AC and DC Generator in terms of design is that the AC generators’ current moves through the fixed coil. The flow of current remains in the opposite direction, with the help of a moving magnet. While in DC generators the coil moves in a fixed field and the current flow with this movement, so no fixed coils for DC generators.Read more

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-ac-and-dc-generators/

https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-new-funding-opportunity-next-generation-dc-circuit-breakers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator

Alternator and its types

 An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines.

You must have heard the name of the alternator by now. A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. In this article, we will introduce and review the types of alternators. Stay with us.

 

 

Alternator Types

1.Diode Assembly DC, the current type used by car batteries, is converted into direct current by an alternator’s diode assembly (AC). The two-terminal diode assemblage works by allowing only one direction to flow the electricity generated by the stator.

2.Voltage Regulator To control the charging process, the voltage regulator controls the power supply from the alternator to the battery. Regulators are designed and work according to their specifications, with different functions. read more in this link

 

 

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-alternator-features-advantages/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator

https://www.wartsila.com/energy/learn-more/references/utilities/kaloum-5-republic-of-guinea

https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/federal-fleet-requirements-resource-center-alternative-fuel

What are the differences between salient pole and cylindrical pole?

 

The magnetic path is characterized by poles, locations at equal angles around the rotor at which the magnetic field lines pass from stator to rotor or vice versa. The stator (and rotor) are classified by the number of poles they have. Most arrangements use one field coil per pole. Some older or simpler arrangements use a single field coil with a pole at each end.

 

 

 

In this article, we will first introduce salient pole and cylindrical pole. We will explain the performance of each and at the end, we will examine the Difference between salient pole and cylindrical pole. Read this article.

The magnetic path is characterized by poles, locations at equal angles around the rotor at which the magnetic field lines pass from stator to rotor or vice versa. The stator (and rotor) are classified by the number of poles they have. Most arrangements use one field coil per pole. Some older or simpler arrangements use a single field coil with a pole at each end.salient pole rotors are large in diameter and shorter in length. They are typically used in lower speed electrical machines (100 RPM to 1500 RPM). Salient pole rotors normally require damper windings to avoid oscillations of rotors during operation. They are mostly used in hydropower plants.

 

 

 

 

salient pole vs cylindrical pole

The difference between salient pole and cylindrical pole is that the rotor of the cylindrical pole can run at a higher rotational speed, provided that the rotor is easily balanceable and the centrifugal force can be equally distributed. Click here References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_coil

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-salient-pole-and-cylindrical-pole/

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/01/f82/CX-022894.pdf

 

 

Introduction of DC generator and checking the difference between generator and Alternator

What is an alternator and a generator?

 

what is a generator? What parts does it consist of? Which component in the dc generator produces a magnetic field? What are Generator and Alternator Difference? Alternator and generator, the two main parts in electrical appliances. You have definitely heard their names many times and even seen them. Would you like to know more about them? In this post, we will introduce the alternator and generator, check the Difference Between Alternator and Generator. We will introduce the DC generator and examine the Parts of dc generator. So read this article to the end.

DC generator working is the conversion of mechanical energy into electricity. In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines, and even hand cranks. The first electromagnetic generator, the Faraday disk, was invented in 1831 by British scientist Michael Faraday. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.

An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually, the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines. Based on several audits, Wärtsilä delivered a comprehensive solution to bring EDG’s power plant up to standard again; including a complete overhaul of engines and alternators. In addition, automation was upgraded and auxiliaries were modified and fine-tuned to suit the plant performance. Finally, the turbochargers were also upgraded with newer versions.

DC Generator Parts

Here we first say the name of the part of dc generator, then we will explain each one.

End Housings

Stator

Commutator

Shaft

Stator:

A direct-current (DC) generator consists of two main parts, a rotating section and a fixed one. Stator is the stationary part of this system that includes a core, stator winding, and the outer frame and houses the rotor (the rotating part) in its core. Read more

Alternator vs Generator

In this section, we examine the differences between alternator and generator.

As we already mentioned, an alternator only provides AC, but a generator generates both AC and DC. So, if you need DC, your only choice between alternator vs generator would be a generator. With every half rotation of the rotor, the current’s direction changes, causing the alternating current. The circuit’s ends are directly connected to the load for getting the produced AC. And when it comes to direct current or DC, these ends of the wire should be connected to the commutator which converts AC to DC. To read more about Generator Alternator Difference, you can refer to the resources introduced at the end of the article

Advantage of Alternator vs Generator

Alternators have some benefits over generators which are as follows.

Higher output

Lower weight and smaller size

Less maintenance

Read more here

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/parts-of-dc-generator-explanation-working/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/product-files/electric-propulsion-and-drives/brochure-o-ea-diesel-electric-propulsion-systems.pdf?sfvrsn=15f6ae45_6

https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-new-funding-opportunity-next-generation-dc-circuit-breakers

https://www.linquip.com/blog/alternator-vs-generator/

industrial gearbox and its applications

What is industrial gearbox?

An industrial gearbox is an enclosed system that transmits mechanical energy to a transmission unit. The system slows down the speed and torque of rotation. Industrial gearboxes are different from standard gearboxes, as the former needs a long, stable life and safety factor for most of the drives. To control speed and torque and convert it functionally, an industrial gearbox transmits mechanical power into a driving tool. In contrast to mass gearboxes, industrial gearboxes can handle multiple tasks at extremely high speeds over a long period. Read more here

What do you know about industrial gearbox? In this article, we intend to introduce the industrial gearbox and its applications. Read this article to the end.

A transmission is a machine in a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of power. Often the term 5-speed transmission refers simply to the gearbox, that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device.

The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has successfully demonstrated a new gearbox design developed by the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC), with a predicted lifetime 3.5 times greater than the previous, conventional design. NREL established the GRC in 2007 to address the failure of many wind turbine gearboxes in achieving their intended design life, despite meeting then-current design standards and third-party certification criteria.

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/general-equipments/industrial-gearbox/

https://en.wikipedia.org

https://www.energy.gov/

What gases are used in air conditioning?

You must be familiar with air conditioners. These devices are available in the form of air conditioners, splits, and air purifiers. In these devices, a kind of gas is used and it monitors their performance. which gas is used in a? To answer this question, read this article and join us. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): In the 1990s and 2000s, the CFCs were replaced with HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) and the most common HCFC is “R-22”. R-22 is just slightly better than CFC as it contains chlorine. However, it is harmful to the environment and also has ozone depletion potential. Read more on this website.

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C, or air con)[1] is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment, typically for humans and other animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool and dehumidify rooms filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and to display and store some delicate products, such as artwork.

An air conditioner's filters, coils, and fins require regular maintenance for the unit to function effectively and efficiently throughout its years of service. Neglecting necessary maintenance ensures a steady decline in air conditioning performance while energy use steadily increases. Check out our Energy: Home Cooling for more ways to help improve your comfort and the efficiency of your air conditioner.

In ac which gas is used?

A refrigerant is a fluid that is used in air conditioners and refrigerators, to take heat from the contents of a refrigerator or the room (in the case of ACs) and throw the heat out in the atmosphere. A refrigerant undergoes phase changes from a liquid to gas (on absorbing heat) and back to liquid (when a compressor compresses it). the gas used in a is as follows.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning

https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/maintaining-your-air-conditioner

https://www.linquip.com/blog/which-gas-is-used-in-ac/

Gas turbine componentsIn

this article, we are going to examine gas turbines. After that, we will introduce and review Gas turbine components. Join us.

Energy security has become a significant concern for many countries around the world. Potential threats include geopolitical instability, fuel supply disruptions and surging fuel costs. High natural gas prices in Europe have impacted the economic viability of gas turbines with more than 20GW of combined cycle gas turbine capacity idled or planned for retirement. Despite abundant shale gas reserves, the U.S. has experienced regional price spikes from gas supply bottlenecks. In the Middle East where natural gas accounts for 60 percent of power generation, disruptions to the Arab Gas Pipeline have stressed electric power systems.

The ULTIMATE program will develop and demonstrate ultrahigh temperature materials that can operate in high temperature and high-stress environments of a gas-turbine blade. Projects will specifically target gas turbine applications in the power generation and aviation industries. A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous and internal combustion engine. The main elements common to all gas turbine engines are:

an upstream rotating gas compressor a combustor a downstream turbine on the same shaft as the compressor. A fourth component is often used to increase efficiency (on turboprops and turbofans), to convert power into mechanical or electric form (on turboshafts and electric generators), or to achieve a greater thrust-to-weight ratio (on afterburning engines).

Parts of Gas Turbine

There are various types of a gas turbine engines and all share several common parts. One of the Gas Turbine Parts is called, combustor or burner in which the fuel is mixed with the high-pressure air and burned. To turn the power turbine and produce thrust when passed via a nozzle, the resulting high-temperature exhaust gas is used. combustors are also used in propulsion systems for ramjet and scramjet. Their configuration for ramjet and scramjet varies slightly from those used in gas turbine engines, but the basic thermodynamic concepts are similar. Read more on this website.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine

https://www.linquip.com/blog/gas-turbine-parts-components/

https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-28-million-develop-ultrahigh-temperature-materials-gas-turbine

https://www.wartsila.com/energy/learn-more/technical-comparisons/combustion-engine-vs-gas-turbine-fuel-flexibility

Detailed inspection of DC motors and components

What is a DC motor? How Does a DC Motor Work? One of the types of electric motors is DC motors that play an important role in industrial parts. In this post, we will first provide a brief definition of DC motors and review dc motor working principles. Then we introduce the types of DC motor and finally, we examine the DC motor parts. Stay with us.

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in parts of DC motor.

Advantages and Disadvantages of DC Motors:

here is a wide range of DC motors in different dimensions and sizes, suitable for different needs. Small ones can be used in toys, tools, and home appliances, and larger ones are used in the elevator and hoists and propulsion of electric vehicles and industrial appliances. dc motor parts and functions

These engines are made of different parts. Some DC Motor Components include:

1.Stator 2.Rotor 3.Yoke 4.Poles

We will now explain each of these sections.

Yoke one of the components of dc motor is the Yoke. A Yoke is a magnetic frame made of cast iron or sometimes steel, which works as a protector. This protective cover keeps the inner parts of the motor safe and sound and also supports the armature. The yoke also houses the magnetic poles and field windings of a DC motor to help to support the field system.

To view the dc motor diagram, refer to this link.

Some of dc motor advantages are as follows:

They have a very high and strong starting torque

Their maintenance is easy and takes little to no time

They are suitable for low-speed torque

Read more in this link

DC Motor Types

There are different types of DC motors. Some of the dc motor applications are:

Shunt DC Motors One of the DC motor types and applications is Shunt. Shunt dc motors are a type of direct connection motors in which the shunt field winding is only parallel to the armature winding and not the series field winding. Shunt dc motors are also known as compound wound dc motors. Shunt dc motors provide excellent speed regulation, as the shunt field can be excited separately from the armature windings. This feature of shunt direct connection motors provides simplified reversing controls. read more

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor

https://www.linquip.com/blog/dc-motor-working-principles/

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/euroatlas-files/euroatlas_reference_list_map_010121.pdf?sfvrsn=fa8f8d44_2

https://www.linquip.com/blog/dc-motor-types/

https://www.energy.gov/eere/amo/motor-systems

https://www.linquip.com/blog/dc-motor-parts/

Check industrial valves

An expansion valve is a device in steam engine valve gear that improves engine efficiency. It operates by closing off the supply of steam early before the piston has travelled through its full stroke. This cut-off allows the steam to then expand within the cylinder. Types of Expansion Devices are as follows:

1.Thermal expansion valves (TEVs) 2.Manual valves 3.Capillary tubes 4.Automatic valves read more here

Control valve:

A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal from a controller. This enables the direct control of flow rate and the consequential control of process quantities such as pressure, temperature, and liquid level. You must have heard the name of industrial valves or seen them up close. Such as ball valves, expansion valves, etc. In this article, we will introduce control valves, ball valve parts, and types of expansion valves. Stay with us.

Control Valve Types:

Types of Control Valve are divided into several categories according to their performance:

Pressure Drop Profile High-Recovery Valve (e.g. Butterfly valve, Plug valve, Gate valve, Ball valve, etc.) Low-Recovery Valve (e.g. Angle valve, Globe valve, etc.)

Movement Profile of the Controlling Element Linear Motion (e.g. Gate, Globe, Diaphragm, etc.) Rotary Motion (e.g. Ball, Butterfly, Plug, etc.)

Click for read more

Control Valve Parts:

Bad fuel can cause key engine parts, such as the injection control unit, fuel pressure control valve, fuel oil pump or cylinder liners, and piston rings to go from new to unusable in no time.

The most important Parts of Control Valve are:

The body One of the main control valve parts is its body which is also known as the shell. Working as a framework, the valve body is considered as the main unit in the valve assembly and the main boundary of a pressure valve. It enables the whole system to seat in one place and never falls apart.

Bonnet Bonnet in control valves covers the opening in the body. They are also an important part of the system since like valve body, they work as a boundary of a pressure valve. They, too, have different models and designs. More information in this link.

Ball valve

A ball valve is a form of quarter-turn valve which uses a hollow, perforated and pivoting ball to control flow through it. It is open when the ball's hole is in line with the flow and closed when it is pivoted 90-degrees by the valve handle. The most important parts of ball valve are called the shell or body.

One of the main ball valve parts is its body. The shell or body is used to keep all the units of a ball valve together and help them stay in one place. Plus, it helps keeping all the units safe from outside threats and dangers to some extent. No matter what shape or type the ball valve is, it will always need a shell or a body to keep everything together. more information

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/ball-valve-parts-an-easy-to-understand-guide/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-expansion-valves-guide/

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/service-catalogue-files/engine-services---2-stroke/w%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4-take-me-home-kit.pdf?sfvrsn=7c061744_6

https://www.linquip.com/blog/control-valve-types/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_valve

https://www.linquip.com/blog/control-valve-parts/