Top information about Types of Alternator and Alternator Slip Rings

An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.^[2] For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature.^[3] Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines.

Types of alternator depend greatly on the way it’s designed, the way it’s used, and other factors. But what is an alternator? An alternator is an electric generator that uses mechanical energy and transforms it into electricity. The alternator starts its main task of converting energy after creating sufficient mechanical energy with a magnetic field and rotor. To know more about the alternator, the alternator parts, and functions, and to answer the question that what exactly it does besides what are the types of alternator, you can find all these here at Linquip. read more

What is the Purpose of Using Slip Ring in An Alternator?

A slip ring is an electromechanical device that allows the transmission of power and electrical signals from a stationary to a rotating structure. A slip ring can be used in any electromechanical system that requires rotation while transmitting power or signals. It can improve mechanical performance, simplify system operation and eliminate damage-prone wires dangling from movable joints.

Alternator slip rings have a very important role or let’s say commission. They help in different ways. But what are slip rings? In general, slip rings are a part of an AC motor that transmits the energy between the machine’s stationary and rotating parts. Slip rings have various names such as the collector ring, rotary electrical ring, etc. Now let’s find more about alternator slip rings by reading this article at Linquip.The first question might be: what is the purpose of slip rings on an alternator? Slip rings are designed in different sizes, based on the function and purpose of their applications, with different technology. Alternator slip rings help in several ways. Below are the role of slip rings in the alternators. click for more information

 

Everything you should know about Solar Batteries and Gas Turbine

Solar battery

A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell, (or archaically accumulator) is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use. It is composed of one or more electrochemical cells. The term "accumulator" is used as it accumulates and stores energy through a reversible electrochemical reaction. Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different shapes and sizes, ranging from button cells to megawatt systems connected to stabilize an  electrical distribution network. Several different combinations of electrode materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid, zinc-air, nickel–cadmium (NiCd), nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), and lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer).

Knowing the right features of the best solar batteries enables you to choose the perfect one for your solar energy system. While evaluating the solar batteries, the essential things would be comparing battery’s power rating and capacity, its depth of discharge, warranty, and round-trip efficiency as well as the brand. click to read more information

Everything about Gas Turbine

Gas turbine type can be considered as a highly important factor, for each type has its different applications. A gas turbine is a type of internal combustion engine. The engine can be considered as an energy conversion device as it converts energy stored in the fuel with beneficial mechanical energy into the shape of rotational power. As a professional network in the area of industrial equipment, we invite you to read this guide about gas turbine type at Linquip, find more useful information about the working principle of gas turbines, their applications, and learn about compressors and combustor types.

A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous and internal combustion engine. The main elements common to all gas turbine engines are:

• an upstream rotating gas compressor
• a combustor
• a downstream turbine on the same shaft as the compressor.

The SGT5-8000H was the very first air-cooled H-class gas turbine on the market. More than 750,000 fired hours of operational experience make it the most reliable and tested H-class gas turbine technology available today. With a power output of 450 MW in simple cycle, or 665 MW in combined cycle operation, and a combined cycle efficiency of 61%, it is among the most efficient and powerful gas turbines in commercial operation, with low operating and lifecycle costs. read more 

 

How do gas turbine parts go together?

By looking at a gas turbine, you can see the combustion section, one of the very important gas turbine parts, is between the compressor and the turbine flow direction. The fuel and the air are combined and burned in this way. Then, the hot exhaust passes the turbine and leaves the nozzle. We can consider two important roles performed by the nozzle. It is designed to make thrust by accelerating thrust generation via heat exhaust gas. Then the nozzle controls the engine’s mass flow.

The basic operation of the gas turbine is a Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid : atmospheric air flows through the compressor that brings it to higher pressure ; energy is then added by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it so that the combustion generates a high-temperature flow ; this high-temperature pressurized gas enters a turbine, producing a shaft work output in the process, used to drive the compressor ; the unused energy comes out in the exhaust gases that can be repurposed for external work, such as directly producing thrust in a turbojet engine, or rotating a second, independent turbine (known as a power turbine) that can be connected to a fan, propeller, or electrical generator. click here

Industrial Gearbox

A transmission is a machine in a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Often the term 5 speed transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device.

An industrial gearbox is an enclosed system that transmits mechanical energy to a transmission unit. The system slows down the speed and torque of rotation. Industrial gearboxes are different from standard gearboxes, as the former needs a long, stable life and safety factor for most of the drives. To control speed and torque and convert it functionally, an industrial gearbox transmits mechanical power into a driving tool. In contrast to mass gearboxes, industrial gearboxes can handle multiple tasks at extremely high speeds over a long period.

more information in this link: https://www.linquip.com/blog/general-equipments/industrial-gearbox/

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/gas-turbine-type-applications/

https://new.siemens.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/

 

?What are Air Conditioners Compressor and Hydrovane Compressors

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C, or air con) is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment, typically for humans and other animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool and dehumidify rooms filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and to display and store some delicate products, such as artwork.

How air conditioner compressor works is that the compressor pumps refrigerant throughout the whole system. But what is refrigerant? This fluid is responsible to take the heat away from inside the house and dump it outside. read more

What is Hydrovane Compressors?

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible; while some can be compressed, the main action of a pump is to pressurize and transport liquids.

HC or Hydrovane Compressor is the system used to produce compressed. They have been designed in a way to provide dependable and consistent air supply. Hydrovane compressors built by Hydrovane in the UK are famous for their durability, great performance and reliability. Hydrovane compressors can be used in a wide range of industries affecting the quality of our lives to a great extent. If you are curious to know more about Hydrovane compressors, Linquip is here to provide you with all the things you need to know about compressor. Now let’s dive deeper. more information about Hydrovane Compressors

 

Everything about Ball Valves

A ball valve is a form of quarter-turn valve which uses a hollow, perforated and pivoting ball to control flow through it. It is open when the ball's hole is in line with the flow and closed when it is pivoted 90-degrees by the valve handle.The handle lies flat in alignment with the flow when open, and is perpendicular to it when closed, making for easy visual confirmation of the valve's status. The shut position 1/4 turn could be in either CW or CCW direction.

There are many things to consider when you decide to buy ball valve parts. You should know the ball valve well enough and for that, you need to learn each and every part and gain a deep understanding of ball valve replacement parts to find the right Valevs for your system. Linquip gathered around all the necessary information you need to know about ball valve parts in this article. So read on and enjoy effortless learning.click for read more

What is a Ball Valve?

Ball valves are mechanical devices capable of controlling, guiding, directing, and modulating the flow of different substances such as gas, pressure, liquids, etc. There are different ball valve types with various designs for specific uses, but basic ball valve parts are the same among them. Different ball valves can be classified based on different features.

Designed for efficiency, with precise control and leak-free operations, control ball valves are used for continuous and precise control in closed circuits. Siemens recommends control ball valves especially for air handling units and the 6-port control ball valves for heated and chilled ceilings.see more

What are the flow control valves?

Flow control valves are units designed to regulate the pressure or the flow of a fluid. There are a few devices such as temperature gauges or flow meters, providing signals for flow control valves which intrigues their operation.

Control valves are normally fitted with actuators and positioners. Pneumatically-actuated globe valves and diaphragm valves are widely used for control purposes in many industries, although quarter-turn types such as (modified) ball and butterfly valves are also used.

Control valves can also work with hydraulic actuators (also known as hydraulic pilots). These types of valves are also known as automatic control valves. The hydraulic actuators respond to changes of pressure or flow and will open/close the valve. Automatic control valves do not require an external power source, meaning that the fluid pressure is enough to open and close them. see more

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/ball-valve-types-and-their-uses/

https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/buildings/hvac/valves-actuators/control-ball-valves.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_valve

Top information about Cooling Towers

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.

The crossflow cooling tower belongs to the family of mechanical drift cooling towers in which the upward flow of the air cools down the hot water raining down from the hot water basin at the top onto the cold water water basin at the bottom. see more

Crossflow vs Counterflow Cooling Towers

Data center thermal optimization is a comprehensive package of facility improvement measures—from the cooling tower to the rack—which optimizes primary/secondary cooling cycles and white space. It applies intelligence about the density of IT workloads to regulate the cooling within a data center. 

Comparing crossflow vs counterflow cooling towers is a common thing to do when choosing between cooling towers for a specific application. The most apparent distinction between crossflow towers and counterflow towers is that the airflow is perpendicularly contacted with the process water in the fill in the former while it comes into contact with the process water stream in the opposite direction for the latter. Click to read more

The Counterflow Cooling Tower

The counterflow cooling tower is a type of cooling tower designs that offers the maximum thermal performance for its area of occupation. The fill media is horizontally installed beneath the hot water distribution basin, and the cooling process is carried out as the air passes through the fill absorbing the heat from the water flowing down the fill.

In a counterflow design, the air flow is directly opposite to the water flow. Air flow first enters an open area beneath the fill media, and is then drawn up vertically. The water is sprayed through pressurized nozzles near the top of the tower, and then flows downward through the fill, opposite to the air flow. see more

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/counterflow-cooling-tower/

https://new.siemens.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/

Everything about AC and DC Motors

AC motor is an abbreviation for Alternating Current motors invented by Nicola Tesla to transform energy from electrical into mechanical type just like DC motors (Directional Current motor).
AC motors may be found in fans, hairdryers, clocks, washing machines, and many other applicants providing services in offices, factories, businesses, etc.

The two main types of AC motors are induction motor and synchronous motors. The induction motor (or asynchronous motor) always relies on a small difference in speed between the stator rotating magnetic field and the rotor shaft speed called slip to induce rotor current in the rotor AC winding. As a result, the induction motor cannot produce torque near synchronous speed where induction (or slip) is irrelevant or ceases to exist. In contrast, the synchronous motor does not rely on slip-induction for operation and uses either permanent magnets, salient poles (having projecting magnetic poles), or an independently excited rotor winding. The synchronous motor produces its rated torque at exactly synchronous speed. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed synchronous motor system has an independently excited rotor winding that does not rely on the principles of slip-induction of current. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed motor is a synchronous motor that can function exactly at the supply frequency or sub to super multiple of the supply frequency.

Other types of motors include eddy current motors, and AC and DC mechanically commutated machines in which speed is dependent on voltage and winding connection. see more

 

The difference between AC and DC generators: Use and Maintenance

The output voltage produced by AC generators is called alternators. The normal frequency of alternators is 60Hz for America, Europe, and Japan. This output voltage differs in time and amplitude. DC generators produce a steady output voltage, suitable to power large motors. While DC generators are mainly used to supply power for large motors, AC generators are used for smaller ones. You can power your electrical appliances at home with the help of AC like food mixers, electrical fixtures, etc.

As the world’s leading provider of large motors, Siemens Norwood, OH AboveNEMA motor facility is celebrating over 120 Years with global service and support that includes over 100 patents. Siemens offers a complete line of large AC 3-phase induction motors from its ISO-9001 Certified plant. Motors range from horizontal AC induction motors up to 22,000 horsepower and voltage ranges from 460 to 13,200 volts – to large AC vertical motors up to 8,000 HP.

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DC Motors

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor.

Some of the most popular designs for DC motors are Permanent magnet, Brushless, Shunt, Series, and Compound wound or stabilized shunt. The DC motor parts are normally the same within these different designs and the overall operation is similar. How it operates is that a conductor, carrying the current is implanted in a magnetic field, and the power applied through the conductors enable the rotation of the motor. The generation of electromagnetic fields and its place, whether it be in the rotor or stator, is the reason these designs differ from each other.click here

DC Genertor

Parts of dc generator can be said to play a significant role within such kind of generator. Like any machine, a dc generator consists of different parts. It is an electrical instrument that transforms mechanical energy into electricity. The working principle, different types as well as pros and cons will be discussed next to parts of dc generator in detail, at Linquip.

If external mechanical power is applied to a DC motor it acts as a DC generator, a dynamo. This feature is used to slow down and recharge batteries on hybrid and electric cars or to return electricity back to the electric grid used on a street car or electric powered train line when they slow down. This process is called regenerative braking on hybrid and electric cars. In diesel electric locomotives they also use their DC motors as generators to slow down but dissipate the energy in resistor stacks. Newer designs are adding large battery packs to recapture some of this energy.

more information in : https://www.linquip.com/blog/parts-of-dc-generator-explanation-working/

?What are control valves and how they operate

A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal from a controller. This enables the direct control of flow rate and the consequential control of process quantities such as pressure, temperature, and liquid level.

What are Control Valves?

Control Valves have been designed to control and regulate pressure and flow rate. They can automatically do the job and eliminate the need for you to constantly keep an eye on the system. You can choose the correct control valve for the specific desired pressure. It’s interesting to know that Control Valves are also known as the final control element in automatic control terminology which is due to the process control valves operate within their system.

The opening or closing of automatic control valves is usually done by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. Normally with a modulating valve, which can be set to any position between fully open and fully closed, valve positioners are used to ensure the valve attains the desired degree of opening. see more

The main goals of different control valve parts:

1. Controlling the flow direction
2. Relieve the system from specific pressures
3. Increase or decrease the flow
4. Turn the flow on or off
5. Regulating the flow or process pressure

Pressure independent control valves (PICVs) improve system performance and optimize delta-T resulting in less pumping energy and contributing to more efficient loading of boilers and chillers. Siemens pressure independent control valves integrate three functions into a single device: control valve, adjustable flow limiter, and automatic pressure regulator. The automatic pressure regulator dynamically balances the circuit by maintaining a consistent flow through the valve when differential pressure changes. Siemens pressure independent control valves have the unique advantage of always maintaining their full stroke, regardless of the maximum adjustable flow setting, to provide better control. This significantly reduces or eliminates hunting for the right actuator setting, resulting in better control and increased comfort. Siemens PICVs help prolong maintenance and preserve the life of HVAC equipment, enhance room comfort, and optimize energy efficiency.

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The final goal of different control valve types

The final control element or the control valve can convert the control signal of the controller with the help of a pneumatic device and regulate the fluid flow in the system. They can be used for different liquids, gasses, steam, air, etc.

benefits of Pressure independent control valves:

• Optimized performance for greater energy savings
• Longer reliability due to fewer repositions
• Smaller footprint
• Easy installation and fast commissioning -- fewer components to install and simplified balancing for greater cost savings
• System expansions do not require re-balancing of existing system
• Greater controllability and precision due to flow limiter being independent of the stroke of the valve 
• Simplified valve sizing

click here

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/control-valves-101-guide-to-understand/

Wikipedia

Siemens

Everything you should know about HVAC

HVAC is a term that is heard in all kinds of applications, from domestic to industrial. What it means and where it is used, however, are things that you might not completely know. In what follows, you get access to some information about this subject.

The importance of HVAC

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).

As was mentioned earlier, an HVAC system is intended for thermal control of areas as well as comfort for occupants. Temperature is factor that affects the performance and health status of many systems. Take the case of a server room temperature as an example for which high temperature adversely affects the system’s reliability and operation of the servers is a great source of heat generation; therefore, it is important to have an HVAC system that keeps the temperature at a desired point. see more

The components of HVAC

Do we need to know about HVAC system components? Well, HVAC systems are intended not only to adjust the thermal conditions of an area (mostly indoor), but they also bear the responsibility of delivering clean air to provide comfort in the environment when needed. Therefore, it would be quite beneficial actually to know some basics about their components, not only to appreciate the engineering art put into them, but also be able to identify easier what might your system need to work as you wish.

In modern buildings, the design, installation, and control systems of these functions are integrated into one or more HVAC systems. For very small buildings, contractors normally estimate the capacity and type of system needed and then design the system, selecting the appropriate refrigerant and various components needed. For larger buildings, building service designers, mechanical engineers, or building services engineers analyze, design, and specify the HVAC systems. Specialty mechanical contractors and suppliers then fabricate, install and commission the systems. Building permits and code-compliance inspections of the installations are normally required for all sizes of building. more information

 

What is an HVAC Economizer?

As can be deduced from the name, an HVAC economizer would be a device that enhances the economy of using the HVAC system. An economizer is placed withing the exterior parts of the HVAC system, most often on the rooftop of the facility or property.

Air-side economizers can reduce HVAC energy costs in cold and temperate climates while also potentially improving indoor air quality, but are most often not appropriate in hot and humid climates. With the appropriate controls, economizers can be used in climates which experience various weather systems. For information on how economizers and other controls can affect energy efficiency and indoor air quality in buildings, see the US Environmental Protection Agency report, "Energy Cost and IAQ Performance of Ventilation Systems and Controls Study.

 Click to read more

references:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-hvac/

wikipedia

Top information from Steam Boiler

 

Steam Boiler (also known as Boiler) is a heat exchanging system and creates steam for outside use. This vessel contains a set of tubes and two other parts, one for combustion and another to contain water. These are the main component but the system is far more complicated than that and contains many other components that together help to achieve the desired outcome.

A boiler or steam generator is used wherever a source of steam is required. The form and size depends on the application: mobile steam engines such as steam locomotives, portable engines and steam-poweredroad vehicles typically use a smaller boiler that forms an integral part of the vehicle; stationary steam engines, industrial installations and power stations will usually have a larger separate steam generating facility connected to the point-of-use by piping. A notable exception is the steam-powered fireless locomotive, where separately-generated steam is transferred to a receiver (tank) on the locomotive. see more

 

Why should I choose between the best steam boilers?

Steam is an essential element in the energy supply system. As a primary energy source, it fulfils many important functions, whether it’s used to operate a turbine, as process steam for use in industry, or for district heating.   Especially in power plants, heat-recovery steam generators (HRSG) are valuable: They substantially increase a plant’s overall efficiency. This helps you counter the increasing cost of fuel. You also benefit from greater flexibility when operating at part load or during load changes.

Steam boilers are deeply rooted inside our daily lives and therefore the wise choice would be to find the best steam boilers with high quality and durable enough to last for a long time without losing efficiency. Whether you want it for residential or commercial use, there are certain factors to consider like commercial and residential boiler prices, their warranty, the design and the used materials, etc.

There are many steam boilers out on the market but finding the best steam boilers are a little tricky. Different brands, different designs, diverse efficiency rate and lots of other things out there will confuse you and make the choice much more difficult. But Linquip is here to help narrow down the choices and enable you to make the best possible choice. We have searched around and gathered information about different boilers and created a list of 5 best steam boilers sorted by their efficiency rate. click here

Steam boiler maintenance checklist

The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when considered as a prime mover. However it needs to be treated separately, as to some extent a variety of generator types can be combined with a variety of engine units. A boiler incorporates a firebox or furnace in order to burn the fuel and generate heat. The generated heat is transferred to water to make steam, the process of boiling. This produces saturated steam at a rate which can vary according to the pressure above the boiling water. The higher the furnace temperature, the faster the steam production. The saturated steam thus produced can then either be used immediately to produce power via a turbine and alternator, or else may be further superheated to a higher temperature; this notably reduces suspended water content making a given volume of steam produce more work and creates a greater temperature gradient, which helps reduce the potential to form condensation. Any remaining heat in the combustion gases can then either be evacuated or made to pass through an economiser, the role of which is to warm the feed water before it reaches the boiler.

First of all, you need to have a steam boiler maintenance checklist to know what to look for when you want to take care of the system on your own. Every mechanic who knows the way around a steam boiler can easily cross off each and every item on the list so it’s good to consider having a specialist to check on your set up whether as an annual check or monthly check. But if you are one of the people who like to do the task all by him/herself, you should look for the below-mentioned things in your steam boiler:

• Automatic Water Feeders and Water Boiler Maintenance

• Steam Boiler Annual Maintenance Checkup

• Weekly Owner Maintenance and Fall Checkups

• Monitor the Steam Boiler

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A Brief About Cooling Tower Efficiency Calculation

Cooling towers are made of different cooling tower parts with various functions whose health status corresponds to the performance of the cooling process. Now, aside from conditions of tower parts, the cooling tower efficiency would essentially depend on the climatic conditions, particularly the relative humidity of the ambient air and its wet-bulb temperature.

 

Cooling Tower  Efficiency Calculations

There are two factors that contribute to the calculation of cooling tower efficiency, namely the range and approach of the cooling tower. As was previously mentioned, the efficiency of the tower is highly related to the ambient wet-bulb temperature. The cold water temperature would ideally equal this wet-bulb temperature.

Of course nothing can be perfect in this word, and in this case it is because such an ideal situation can only be achieved by having a very large tower which is not only infeasible but also has its own problems such as large amounts of evaporation and windage (more on this in the upcoming sections).

 

 

Cooling Tower Approach

The cooling tower approach is the difference between the cold water temperature at the outlet of the tower and the ambient wet-bulb temperature. This measure is one of the important factors contributing to the cooling tower efficiency.

 Approach = Cold Water Temperature – Wet Bulb Temperature

Cooling Tower Range

Another indicator of the cooling tower efficiency is the cooling tower range, which is calculated by subtracting the tower’s outlet water temperature from the hot water temperature at the inlet of the cooling tower.... Read More