Introducing 4 types of gearboxes

 In this article, we are going to talk about the gearbox. To begin with, it is better to know what a gearbox is and what it does.

The gearbox includes a power supply and a power transmission system that provide a specific application of power. The Maryam Webster Dictionary defines transmission as a set of components that include gearshift gears and bolts by which power is transmitted from the motor to an axle under load.

In the following, we will introduce and review four types of gearboxes.

Worm Gearbox

 

A worm gear is a gear including a shaft with a spiral section that engages with and runs a toothed wheel. Worm gears are a traditional form of gear and a sort of one of the six simple machines. Fundamentally, a worm gear is a screw butted up in front of what looks like a normal spur gear with slightly curved and angled teeth.

 

The most common use is in motor vehicles , where the transmission adapts the output of the internal combustion engine to the drive wheels. Such engines need to operate at a relatively high rotational speed, which is inappropriate for starting, stopping, and slower travel. 

 

 

What is Planetary Gearbox?

 

A planetary gearbox is an instrument with the output and input shafts aligned. A planetary gearbox is employed to transmit the greatest torque in the most compact form (introduced as the torque density).

An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) consists of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear revolves around the center of the other. A carrier connects the centers of the two gears and rotates to carry one gear, called the planet gear or planet pinion, around the other, called the sun gear or sun wheel. The planet and sun gears mesh so that their pitch circles roll without slip. A point on the pitch circle of the planet gear traces an epicycloid curve. In this simplified case, the sun gear is fixed and the planetary gear(s) roll around the sun gear.

 

 

Everything about Helical Gearbox

 

Helical gearboxes are one of the most widely employed gearboxes and they are more effective than any other gearbox. Their configuration facilitates many performances.

Two or more meshing gears, working in a sequence, are called a gear train or a transmission. The gears in a transmission are analogous to the wheels in a crossed, belt pulley system. An advantage of gears is that the teeth of a gear prevent slippage. 

 

 

Bevel Gear

 

Now you will introduce Bevel Gear and Types of Bevel Gear :

 

Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well.The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone.

Bevel gears are categorized in different forms according.

 

 

A brief description of the 4 types of gearboxes

 In this article, we will briefly introduce 4 types of gearboxes. Helical Gearbox,  Bevel Gears, Worm Gearbox, Planetary Gearbox.

 

Helical Gearbox 

A gear is a rotating circular machine part having cut teeth or, in the case of a cogwheel or gearwheel, inserted teeth (called cogs), which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque. A gear may also be known informally as a cog. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. Gears of different sizes produce a change in torque, creating a mechanical advantage, through their gear ratio, and thus may be considered a simple machine. The rotational speeds, and the torques, of two meshing gears differ in proportion to their diameters. The teeth on the two meshing gears all have the same shape. Helical gears are power transmission instruments primarily utilized to reduce speed and increase torque between turning shafts. Fundamentally, they can be divided into two forms, those that transmit energy between parallel parts and those that transfer power between non-parallel components, typically introduced as cross-axis gears.

Bevel Gears

The cylindrical gear tooth profile corresponds to an involute , whereas the bevel gear tooth profile is an octoid. All traditional bevel gear generators manufacture bevel gears with an octoidal tooth profile. IMPORTANT: For 5-axis milled bevel gear sets it is important to choose the same calculation/layout as the conventional manufacturing method.

In general, we have 3 categories of Bevel Gears: one of which we will explain here.

 

 

• Bevel gears are employed in differential drives, which can transfer energy to two axles rotating at different velocities, such as those on a cornering automobile.

Worm Gearbox

A worm drive is a gear arrangement in which a worm (which is a gear in the form of a screw) meshes with a worm wheel (which is similar in appearance to a spur gear). The two elements are also called the worm screw and worm gear. The terminology is often confused by imprecise use of the term worm gear to refer to the worm, the worm wheel, or the worm drive as a unit.

For applications that need higher speed, a worm gearbox can be employed. Some of the applications of a worm gearbox are:

• Mining
• Presses
• Rolling mills
• Escalator/ Elevator Drive systems

Planetary Gearbox

An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) consists of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear revolves around the center of the other. A carrier connects the centers of the two gears and rotates to carry one gear, called the planet gear or planet pinion, around the other, called the sun gear or sun wheel.

The planetary gearbox got its term because of how the various gears move in a set together. We see a satellite (ring) gear, a sun (solar) gear, and two or more planet gears in a planetary gearbox. The sun-gear is normally run and thus move the planet gears bolted in the planet carrier and form the output shaft. The satellite gears have a constant location in relation to the outside components.

More information in the following references

 

 

 

 

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-helical-gearbox/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-bevel-gears/

https://www.siemens.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-planetary-gearbox/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevel_gear

https://www.linquip.com/blog/worm-gearbox-working-principle/

Two valuable sources, gold, and solar energy

 Solar energy is one of the useful and renewable resources and does not harm the environment. Solar energy is stored using a solar panel and converted into electrical energy. The important point is whether the do solar panels work at night? Join us to find this answer.

A solar panel, or photo-voltaic (PV) module, is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV panel, and a system of panels is an array. Arrays of a photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to electrical equipment.

According to the facts, No! Solar panel does not generate energy at nights. Solar panels consist of photovoltaic cells that must have sunlight to produce electricity. However, that’s not the last word. Solar panels give two indirect nighttime energy answers.

 

 

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In a pure form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions.

Gold is a very valuable and expensive metal that is mined. Is Gold Renewable or Nonrenewable? Join us to find the answer.

Mining companies expect the amount of gold that remains in the ground in two ways:

Reserves – gold that is economical to mine at the current gold value

Resources – gold that will probably become economic to mine after further investigation or at a costlier price level.

We can measure the number of gold reserves more accurately than resources, but this is still not a simple task.

 

Renewable Resources

 Renewable resources are resources that can be reused and never run out. Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources and solar energy is renewable energy. But is gold renewable or non-renewable?

Does the solar battery that stores solar energy work at night or has a time limit?

A solar panel, or photo-voltaic (PV) module, is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation.

In 1839, the ability of some materials to create an electrical charge from light exposure was first observed by Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. Though the premiere solar panels were too inefficient for even simple electric devices they were used as an instrument to measure light. The observation by Becquerel has not replicated again until 1873 when Willoughby Smith discovered that the charge could be caused by light hitting selenium. Now, most solar panel systems attach to the grid and combine net metering where it’s available. Also, installing battery storage is rising increasingly. These two indirect methods can work together at night to increase your energy security and decrease electric bills.

Gold is resistant to most acids, though it does dissolve in aqua regia (a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid), which forms a soluble tetrachloroaurate anion. Gold is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves silver and base metals, a property that has long been used to refine gold and to confirm the presence of gold in metallic substances, giving rise to the term acid test. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which are used in mining and electroplating. Gold dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys, and as the gold acts simply as a solute this is not a chemical reaction.Because the processes forming ores happen on geologic time scales, the most economical mineral resources are truly nonrenewable. New deposits cannot be formed in human timescales. But, as mentioned earlier, if the reserves of materials become depleted, it is probable to find other sources that are more expensive to exploit. Moreover, mineral resources are not equally distributed.

Today’s climate challenges and fossil fuel risks affect our neighborhoods, our lifestyle, and the earth. Solar battery storage is going to be the apparent energy solution for emergencies and nighttime.

 

 

 

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel

https://www.siemens.com/global/en.html

https://www.linquip.com/blog/do-solar-panels-work-at-night/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold

https://www.linquip.com/blog/is-gold-renewable-or-nonrenewable/

What is a Transformer and how many types are there?

A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits.

But what are the current transformer types?

Current transformers types are several in the market. 

 

• Bushing Current Transformer
• Indoor Current Transformer
• Outdoor Current Transformers

The two most important types of transformers are Step Up and Step-Down.

What is the difference between step up and step down transformer? We first introduce each and then examine the differences between them.

 

A Step-up Transformer is a machine that converts the low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage and steps up the input voltage. On the other hand, a step-down transformer steps down the input voltage. We have a lower secondary voltage compared to the primary voltage.

 

We have a lesser secondary voltage in a step-down transformer than the original voltage because of the fewer turns in the secondary winding. Therefore, this type of transformer is used to decrease the voltage to designed levels for the circuit. Almost most of the power supplies have the step-down transformer to hold the circuit running range to defined safer voltage limits.

 

The main difference between step up and step down transformer is that the step up type improves the output value, while the step down type reduces that value. 

Everything about Transformer

 A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil.

The working principle of a current transformer is somewhat different when measuring it with a standard voltage type of transformer. It contains two windings similar to the normal voltage transformer. Whenever AC provides throughout the primary section, then alternating magnetic flux can be produced, then AC will be stimulated across the secondary section.

Any transformer fundamentally includes a core and two windings. The two windings are introduced as primary and secondary sections. A step-up transformer converts a high-current, low-voltage input to a low-current, high-voltage output applying the principles of magnetic induction. The alternating electric flux in the primary section produces a varying magnetic field in the core.

It should be noted that a transformer is a reversible machine so that it can be employed as both a step-up and step-down transformer. For instance, if the circuit requires a high voltage, we would connect the HV terminals to the system, whereas the circuit or load needs a low voltage, we would connect the LV terminals to the system.

 

 

Once the output (secondary) value is higher than its input (primary) value, it is called a step-up transformer, whereas the output (secondary) voltage is less in the step-down transformer.

In a step-up type, the low voltage section is the primary side, and the high voltage section is the secondary side, whereas the low voltage winding is the secondary side in the step down transformer.

Read more in this References.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer

https://www.linquip.com/blog/current-transformer-types-applications/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-step-up-transformer/

https://www.siemens.com/global/en.html

https://youtube.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/step-down-transforme/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-step-up-and-step-down-transformer/

Distribution Transformer & Single Phase Transformer

 We have talked about transformers in previous articles. In this article, we are going to talk about current transformer, distribution transformer and single phase transformer. Stay with us.

Distribution transformer

A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer.

Normally, a distribution transformer level is less than 200MVA, while some national norms can allow for ratings up to 5000 MVA to be known as distribution transformers. If the level is more than 200MVA (or 5000MVA in some regions), it’s introduced as a power transformer.

current transformer

A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or multiply an alternating current (AC). It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its primary.

Based on this form of configuration, the current transformer is always introduced as a “series transformer” as the primary section, which never has more than a very few turns, is in series form with the current-carrying conductor providing a load. read more in this link

 

 

Single Phase Transformer

A single-phase load may be powered from a three-phase distribution transformer in two ways: by connection between one phase and neutral or by connection between two phases. These two give different voltages from a given supply. For example, on a 120/208 three-phase system, which is common in North America, the phase-to-neutral voltage is 120 volts and the phase-to-phase voltage is 208 volts. This allows single-phase lighting to be connected phase-to-neutral and three-phase motors to be connected to all three phases. This eliminates the need of a separate single phase transformer.A transformer is an instrument that transforms magnetic power into an electrical type. It has two electrical sections introduced as the primary and secondary windings. The primary section of the device receives power, whereas the secondary winding delivers energy. A magnetic iron circuit introduced as the “core” is typically used to wrap around these sections. more information

Learn more about Current, Single Phase, and Distribution Transformer

A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. The invention of a practical efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution transformers was demonstrated as early as 1882.

 

 

Current transformers, along with voltage or potential transformers, are instrument transformers. Instrument transformers scale the large values of voltage or current to small, standardized values that are easy to handle for measuring instruments and protective relays. The instrument transformers isolate measurement or protection circuits from the high voltage of the primary system.

 

 

A single phase transformer is an electrical instrument that uses single-phase AC input and provides single-phase AC. This is employed in the distribution of energy in non-urban regions as the overall demand and prices involved are lower than the 3-phase type of transformers. They are utilized as a step-down device to reduce the home voltage to an appropriate amount without a variation in frequency.

Distribution transformers are normally located at a service drop, where wires run from a utility pole or underground power lines to a customer's premises. They are often used for the power supply of facilities outside settlements, such as isolated houses, farmyards or pumping stations at voltages below 30 kV. Another application is the power supply of the overhead wire of railways electrified with AC. In this case single phase distribution transformers are used. 

You can find more information about Transformers in the following links.

Refrences:

https://www.gm.com/

https://www.ethosenergygroup.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-a-distribution-transformer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_transformer

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-a-single-phase-transformer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_transformer

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-the-current-transformer/

https://www.kawasaki.com/en-us?lo=google_search_2021ttrg_various_brand&cm_mmc=google-_-2021ttrg_various-_-search-_-homepage_brand&gclid=CjwKCAjwlYCHBhAQEiwA4K21m1dPcJ2c5GHFXHZh6iBdbUXfEbeHzukEqoVSObMbw9kXzQD28Mt1HRoC9BEQAvD_BwE

Everything about Thermal Expansion Valves, Thermal Insulation and Steam Condenser

 In this post, we will talk to you about 3 important industrial parts. Thermal Expansion Valves, Thermal Insulation and Steam Condenser. Each of these components has important functions. Join us to talk about each in detail.

Steam condenser

Steam condenser is a commonly used term for a water-cooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations.The pressure within a steam condenser is held below the atmospheric pressure to enhance efficiency. more information

 

 

Thermal expansion valves

A thermal expansion valve or thermostatic expansion valve  is a component in vapor-compression refrigeration and air conditioning systems that controls the amount of refrigerant released into the evaporator and is intended to regulate the superheat of the refrigerant that flows out of the evaporator to a steady value. When the load on the evaporator increases, it causes the liquid refrigerant to boil faster in the evaporator coil. Since the feeler bulb is installed on the suction line, therefore it is at the same temperature as the refrigerant at that point. Read more

 

 

Thermal Insulation

Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials.

It is essential to know how heat is transferred in the environment and devices. Heat is transferred by convection, conduction, or radiation, or by a mixed process of all three. Heat continually moves from warmer to colder zones as it seeks a balance. Suppose an insulated container’s interior is colder than the outside air.

Read more about Steam Condenser and Thermal Expansion Valves

 In the previous article we talked about Thermal Expansion Valves, Steam Condenser and Thermal Insulation. In this article we will talk about their types and different parts.

Steam Condenser

The purpose of using a steam condenser is:

helping keep the pressure low (below atmospheric pressure) at the steam turbine end to get maximum possible energy and reduce the specific steam consumption of a power plant.

supplying pure feed water to and from the hot well. The water is again pumped to the boiler using a boiler feed pump.

The steam turbine itself is a device to convert the heat in steam to mechanical power. The difference between the heat of steam per unit mass at the inlet to the turbine and the heat of steam per unit mass at the outlet from the turbine represents the heat which is converted to mechanical power.

 

 

Thermal Expansion Valves

Inside the Thermal expansion valve, you will typically find the following main components:

The valve body: It holds the components and has an orifice inside to restrict the flow of refrigerant

 

The diaphragm: It is a strong, thin flexible material, typically metal, which can flex to apply pressure to the pin.

There are two main types of thermal expansion valves: internally or externally equalized. The difference between externally and internally equalized valves is how the evaporator pressure affects the position of the needle. In internally equalized valves, the evaporator pressure against the diaphragm is the pressure at the inlet of the evaporator, whereas, in externally equalized valves, the evaporator pressure against the diaphragm is the pressure at the outlet of the evaporator.

 

 

Thermal Insulation

We have plenty of cheap and common insulation materials ready to buy on the market now. Many of them have been nearby for quite some time. All of these insulation elements have their ups and downs, and when deciding about the type of insulation material you need, it is better to be certain and aware of the material type that would work the best in your application.

The insulating capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity (k). Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability (resistance value). In thermal engineering, other important properties of insulating materials are product density (ρ) and specific heat capacity (c).

Refrences:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenser

https://www.linquip.com/blog/thermal-insulation/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve

https://www.ethosenergygroup.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/thermal-expansion-valves-everything-you-need/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_insulation

https://www.energy.gov/