Everythings about Head of a Pump

What is Head of a Pump?

 

The pump head or discharge head of a water pump is a measure of the power of a pump. The greater the pump head, the greater the pressure that the pump can generate. This statistic is measured in meters (or feet) and is calculated by placing a tube on a pump’s discharge and measuring the maximum height to which it can pump water.

 

This was a brief definition of the pump head. In the continuation of the article, we will carefully examine the pump head and compare it with other components, so stay tuned and read this article to the end.

 

 

A positive-displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.

 

Some positive-displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation. Read more

 

The table below includes minimum efficiency requirements for the following ENERGY STAR-qualified covered product categories: air-source heat pumps (residential) and geothermal heat pumps (residential).

 

equipment Type	Size Category	Heating Section Type	Subcategory or Rating Condition	Minimum Efficiency
Air-cooled (cooling mode)	<65,000 Btu/h	All	Split system	15.0 SEER; 12.5 EER; 8.5 HSPF (single phase)
			Single package	15.0 SEER; 12.0 EER; 8.2 HSPF (single phasea)
	≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h	Electric resistance (or none)	Split system and single package	11.8 EER; 12.8 IEER; 3.4 COP at 47ºF

 

 

Total head

A much more useful measure of the head is the difference between the liquid level in the suction tank and the head in the vertical discharge pipe. This number is known as the “total head” that the pump can produce.

 

Increasing the level of the liquid in the suction tank will give rise to the increased heat, and decreasing the level will give rise to a lower head. Pump manufacturers and suppliers often won’t tell you how much head a pump can produce, because they can’t predict what the height of the liquid in your suction tank will be. Instead, they will report the total head of pump, the difference in height between the level of liquid in the suction tank, and the height of a column of water that the pump can achieve. Click to read more information.

 

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-head-of-a-pump/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump

https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/incorporate-minimum-efficiency-requirements-heating-and-cooling-products-federal

https://www.wartsila.com/media/news/11-03-2013-wartsila-to-supply-pumping-equipment-for-new-floating-storage-unit

Overheating and its cause

In the hot season, you may encounter the phenomenon of overheating of the engine temperature. What to do when faced with this situation? Join us to learn about Causes of Overheating and its solution.

Overheating is a phenomenon of rising temperatures in an electrical circuit. Overheating causes damage to the circuit components and can cause fire, explosion, and injury. Damage caused by overheating is usually irreversible; the only way to repair it is to replace some components.

When overheating, the temperature of the part rises above the operating temperature. Overheating can take place:

if heat is produced in more than expected amount (such as in cases of short-circuits, or applying more voltage than rated), or

if heat dissipation is poor, so that normally produced waste heat does not drain away properly.

Overheating may be caused from any accidental fault of the circuit (such as short-circuit or spark-gap), or may be caused from a wrong design or manufacture (such as the lack of a proper heat dissipation system). Due to accumulation of heat, the system reaches an equilibrium of heat accumulation vs. dissipation at a much higher temperature than expected. More information in this link. 

 

 

 

What Are 10 Common Causes of Overheating?

 

 

 

• When Your Water Pump Doesn’t Work Effectively

•  When There Are Leaks in the Cooling System

 

Your water pump is the one of the most important part of your cooling system and in case it’s not working accurately, your car lacks sufficient pressure to impel motor coolant all through the cooling system. Any issues like erosion, spills or anything else can lead to an overheating engine.

 

 

 

Leaks are the primary explanation for overheating engine. When there is a leak in hoses, the radiator, water siphon, indoor regulator lodging, water pump, head gasket, freeze plugs and a couple of different things, it would all be able to prompt issues with the car cooling system. In case you suspect a leak, or have needed to add coolant to the supply, don’t hold back to get it checked. A little hole in any part of cooling system can rapidly go in to a costly fix. Read more

For more information, you can refer to the following sources.

 

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-are-10-common-causes-of-overheating/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheating_(electricity)

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/product-files/water/complete-waste-management-leaflet.pdf?sfvrsn=c56bea44_2

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/cq6_closing_gaps_multifamily_dentz.pdf

Disadvantages and problems of heat pumps

 As you know, a heat pump is a device that transfers heat energy from a heat source to a heated tank. Heat pumps are one of the most important and practical devices in the industry. This industrial device, in addition to important advantages, also has common problems. Join us to learn more about the problems of heat pumps.

A heat pump is a device that transfers heat energy from a source of heat to what is called a thermal reservoir. Heat pumps move thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer, by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink. The most common design of a heat pump involves four main components – a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a compressor. The heat transfer medium circulated through these components is called refrigerant.

 

 

The heating efficiency of ground-source and water-source heat pumps is indicated by their coefficient of performance (COP), which is the ratio of heat provided in Btu per Btu of energy input. Their cooling efficiency is indicated by the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), which is the ratio of the heat removed (in Btu per hour) to the electricity required (in watts) to run the unit. click here

The savings in the production costs of district heating are over 10% compared to the current situation relying on coal, whereas a portfolio based on using primarily biomass would increase production costs roughly 9% compared to the current situation. Large seawater heat pumps are used in heat production in several locations around the world, for example in Stockholm since 1984. Waste heat from data centres is already utilised in Finland in Mäntsälä, with new projects being planned in various locations, such as Espoo. The first deep geothermal district heating plant is under construction in Otaniemi, Espoo. more information in this link

 

 

Heat Pump Problems :

 

 

• Heat Pump not Starting

 

A heat pump that does not start is most likely suffering from some sort of power loss, thermostat issue, or broken starting capacitor, which are some of possible heat pump problems. Let us analyze these cases further.

Heat pump troubleshooting of power loss

You may first check if the position of all breakers is correct and non of them are tripped. If you made some changes and the problem kept coming back, then you need to ask for some professional help. Read more

 

 

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/heat-pump-problems/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump

https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/choosing-and-installing-geothermal-heat-pumps

https://www.wartsila.com/media/news/18-03-2019-wartsila-s-energy-system-model-demonstrates-wind-power-and-heat-pumps-best-solution-for-giving-up-coal-in-helsinki-2403281

Boiler, various applications, and parts

In the previous articles, we talked about the boiler. In this article, we are going to talk about boiler parts. We will first have an overview of the boiler and its applications. Stay with us. 

What is a boiler?

A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, central heating, boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation.

Different types of boilers have many applications in domestic and industrial applications.

Many manufacturing facilities can recapture energy by installing more efficient steam equipment and processes and applying energy management practices. 

 

 

 

The pressure vessel of a boiler is usually made of steel (or alloy steel), or historically of wrought iron. Stainless steel, especially of the austenitic types, is not used in wetted parts of boilers due to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.However, ferritic stainless steel is often used in superheater sections that will not be exposed to boiling water, and electrically-heated stainless steel shell boilers are allowed under the European "Pressure Equipment Directive" for the production of steam for sterilizers and disinfectors. Read more

 

In the following, we will introduce the different parts of the boiler.

 

 

 

Different parts of the Boiler

 

The parts of the boiler are:

 

• Circulator pump
• Aquastats
• Combustion chamber or firebox
• Burner

...

Click to read more

 

Burner:

 

One of the most important parts of boiler is the burner which is where the mixing of the air with the fuel source happens, resulting in the combustion which provides the necessary heat to heat up the fluid. They are responsible for initiating the combustion reaction in the system with the electronic signal of the thermostats to the burner. This signal informs the system when there’s a need to produce heat. The burner uses the fuel pumped from an outside source with a filter mechanism. There’s a nozzle designed on the burner to turn this fuel into the spray and ignites it initiate the combustion inside the firebox.

Read more at this link

 

 

 

 

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/parts-of-boiler-and-their-function/

 

https://www.energy.gov/eere/amo/steam-systems

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler

 

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/local-files/philippines/services/boiler_services.pdf?sfvrsn=b543ee45_3

What do you know about heat exchangers and their types?

What do you know about heat exchangers and their types?

As the name implies, heat exchangers are used to transferring heat. Read this article for a more complete explanation as well as a review of different types of heat exchangers.

What is a heat exchanger?

A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.

 

 

 

Solar water heating systems use three types of heat exchangers:

Liquid-to-liquid

A liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger uses a heat-transfer fluid that circulates through the solar collector, absorbs heat, and then flows through a heat exchanger to transfer its heat to water in a storage tank. Heat-transfer fluids, such as antifreeze, protect the solar collector from freezing in cold weather. Liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers have either one or two barriers (single wall or double wall) between the heat-transfer fluid and the domestic water supply.

 

 

 

Types of Heat Exchangers

These machines are usually classified according to their flow arrangement and type of construction. The simplest heat exchangers are those that the hot and cold fluids flow in the same or opposite directions. These kinds of heat exchangers consist of two concentric pipes of different diameters and are parallel-flow arrangement and counter-flow arrangement.

Parallel-flow Arrangement: In the kind of parallel-flow heat exchangers, the hot and cold fluids enter at the same end, move in the same direction, and leave at the same end. more information 

You can also refer to the following resources to learn more about heat exchangers.

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-heat-exchangers/

https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/heat-exchangers-solar-water-heating-systems

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/oil-gas-documents/brochure-offshore-lng-systems.pdf?sfvrsn=b2bae945_11

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger

Learn more about HVAC

 In the previous articles, we talked about the HVAC system. In short, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC & R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).

Now we are going to examine the components of  HVAC system. Join us.

 

 

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment needs a control system to regulate the operation of a heating and/or air conditioning system. Usually a sensing device is used to compare the actual state (e.g. temperature) with a target state. Then the control system draws a conclusion what action has to be taken. read more

Heat generator is the key member of HVAC system components when it comes to heating. What happens in these devices is the generation of heat, for instance, through extraction of fuel energy inside a furnace, aka combustion chamber. Hot flue gases will then provide heating for the air or another fluid such as water that will later heat the air entering the conditioned environment. Electric heat generation could also be used to heat the conditioning air.

 

 

This work will include replacement of two existing rooftop packaged HVAC units, HVAC-ACU-209024 and HVAC-ACU-209025, located on the 773-A D-Wing roof. The DAE has requested that these units be replaced due to extensive maintenance history, repair and expense. The units will be replaced with equivalent like-for-like packaged HVAC units.

Click to get more information about HVAC components.

 

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC_control_system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning

https://www.linquip.com/blog/hvac-system-components/

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/12/f81/CX-022705.pdf

Learn more about condenser types

What do you know about condensers? In short, a condenser is a cooling device, but what is the use of this device? Join us to take a closer look at the features and different types of condensers.

What is a condenser?

In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or unit used to condense a gaseous substance into a liquid state through cooling. In so doing, the latent heat is released by the substance and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers are used for efficient heat rejection in many industrial systems. Condensers can be made according to numerous designs, and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large (industrial-scale units used in plant processes). For example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air.read more

 

 

 

types of condensers

There are three other condensers used in HVAC systems:

 

 

• Water-cooled

• Air-cooled

• Evaporative

 

Air-cooled Condenser

Condensers of this type use air as the external fluid to reject the heat from the system. Air-cooled condensers usually have copper coils where refrigerant flows in. But this is not the whole story; this type is subcategorized into two subsets: natural convection and forced convection.

For more information about the condenser, you can refer to this link.

 

 

 

 

 

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)

https://www.wartsila.com/media/news/27-05-2009-hamworthy-builds-up-orderbook-for-industrial-power-generation-condensers

https://www.linquip.com/blog/different-types-of-condensers/

Review of P-Type and N-Type Semiconductor

What do you know about semiconductors? In this article, we intend to introduce semiconductors and their applications. In the following, we will examine the types of semiconductors and express the Differences Between P-Type and N-Type Semiconductor.

What is a semiconductor?

A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as metallic copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Its resistivity falls as its temperature rises; metals behave the opposite. Its conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by introducing impurities ("doping") into the crystal structure. When two differently-doped regions exist in the same crystal, a semiconductor junction is created. The behavior of charge carriers, which include electrons, ions and electron holes, at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors and all modern electronics. Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called "metalloid staircase" on the periodic table. After silicon, gallium arsenide is the second most common semiconductor and is used in laser diodes, solar cells, microwave-frequency integrated circuits, and others. Silicon is a critical element for fabricating most electronic circuits.

 

 

 

Types of semiconductors

Here we consider two types of semiconductors, N, and P.

Extrinsic semiconductors are components of many common electrical devices. A semiconductor diode (devices that allow current in only one direction) consists of p-type and n-type semiconductors placed in junction with one another. Currently, most semiconductor diodes use doped silicon or germanium. Click for more information.

P-Type Semiconductor VS N-Type Semiconductor

A p-type semiconductor is created when group III elements are doped to a complete semiconductor material. As opposite, an n-type semiconductor is created when group V elements are doped to an intrinsic semiconductor.

As components like gallium, boron, indium, etc., are doped to form a p-type semiconductor; therefore, it creates an additional hole, thus also known as acceptor atom. On the contrary, components like bismuth, arsenic, antimony, etc., are doped to have an n-type semiconductor, creating an additional electron, thus also termed as donor atom. Read more

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/differences-between-p-type-and-n-type-semiconductor/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrinsic_semiconductor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/marine-documents/guidance-marine/brochures/wartsila-cyscan-mk4.pdf?sfvrsn=4906b944_4

Comparison of thermocouples and thermopiles

What is Thermocouple? What is Thermopile? What are their uses? What are their features? 

Read this article to know more about the difference between Thermocouple and Thermopile and their features and applications.

Thermocouple

A thermocouple is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors forming an electrical junction. A thermocouple produces a temperature-dependent voltage as a result of the thermoelectric effect, and this voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature. Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor. Read more

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple

 

 

Thermopile

A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, i.e., generating a voltage when its dissimilar metals (thermocouples) are exposed to a temperature difference. More informations

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermopile

 

 

Thermocouple vs. Thermopile

There are three main differences between thermocouple vs. thermopile. The most obvious difference is that thermopiles include a series of interconnected and special thermocouples, which means that any system using thermopiles technically includes thermocouples.

To read more in this field, you can refer to the following sources.

 

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/thermocouple-vs-thermopile/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple

https://www.homedepot.com/s/Thermopile?NCNI-5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermopile

Everything you need to know about the difference between insulator and circuit breaker

In this article, we are going to talk about Isolator and Circuit Breaker. Let's examine each of them separately, express their applications, and mention the Difference Between Isolator and Circuit Breaker. Stay with us.

Isolator and Circuit Breaker

An isolator is one type of switching device, and its fundamental function is to make sure that a circuit is totally not triggered in order to perform the preservation. It is also recognizable like isolation switches to isolate a fraction of the electrical circuit when it is required.

 

 

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.

 

 

Isolator vs Circuit Breaker

Some of the Difference Between Isolator and Circuit Breaker include the following and we will examine each of these in the following.

 

• Construction
• Withstand Capacity
• Operation
• Function

 

 

Function:

When a fault occurs in a substation, then the isolator cuts out a portion of a substation. The other apparatus works without any intrusion.
The circuit breaker is like an Automatic circuit breaker (ACB) or Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) that trips the entire system if there is an error occurs.

read more

 

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker

https://www.wartsila.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-isolator-and-circuit-breaker/

https://www.homedepot.com/