Introduction of DC generator components

DC generator is one of the most important parts in industry and electricity. In this article, we will first introduce the DC generator and then name and review the different parts of the DC generator.

In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines, and even hand cranks. The first electromagnetic generator, the Faraday disk, was invented in 1831 by British scientist Michael Faraday. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids. Read more

 

DC Generator Parts:

DC generators are generally made of 

• the magnetic field systems
• shafts
• yoke
• brushes
• armature winding
• end housings
• pole shoes
• commutators
• bearings

 Read more here.

 

In the following, we will examine each of these sections separately:

 

Yoke

 

If we divide the DC generator parts in two, Yoke is the outer cover that not only provides mechanical protection to the whole inner assembly and fixes them to the foundation of the machine, but also creates a path for the magnetic flow that the field winding produces.

Based on the size of the machines, yokes are of two kinds and materials; in large apparatuses, yokes are made up of cast or rolled steel while in smaller ones they are composed of cast iron.

 

 

 

 

To read more about the different parts of the DC generator, refer to the following sources.

The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by an electric motor, and motors and generators have many similarities. Many motors can be mechanically driven to generate electricity; frequently they make acceptable manual generators.

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/parts-of-dc-generator-explanation-working/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator

https://www.energy.gov/articles/department-energy-announces-new-funding-opportunity-next-generation-dc-circuit-breakers

Industrial valves and its applications

 Industrial valves are not only used in industry but also in residential and commercial buildings. The main task of industrial valves is flow control. This article is an overview of industrial valves and their types and applications. Join us and read this article.

A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure. The word is derived from the Latin valva, the moving part of a door, in turn from volvere, to turn, roll. Click here

 

 

Valves are mechanical devices that control the flow and pressure within a system or process. They are essential components of a piping system that conveys liquids, gases, vapors, slurries, etc. Outside the home, industrial valves are built to control processes. Most utilities, from water to oil and gas, wouldn’t be able to function without heavy-duty, industrial-strength valves. So now that you know the importance of industrial valves, let’s get to know their different types, features, and usability. Follow this new blog in Linquip to find out more.

The general structure of industrial valves consists of the following parts:

 

• Body
• Valve Member
• Seat
• Stem
• Bonnet
• Actuator
• Valve Trim
• Stem Packing

Types of industrial valves

• Strainer Valve
• Electronic Expansion
• Control Valves
• PVC Foot Valves
• Ball Valves
• Plug Valves

 

 

Ball Valves

A ball valve is a form of quarter-turn valve which uses a hollow, perforated, and pivoting ball to control flow through it. It is open when the ball's hole is in line with the flow and closed when it is pivoted 90-degrees by the valve handle. The handle lies flat in alignment with the flow when open, and is perpendicular to it when closed, making for easy visual confirmation of the valve's status. The shut position 1/4 turn could be in either CW or CCW direction. Read more

 

 

 

To read more about industrial valves, you can refer to the sources mentioned at the end of the article.

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/industrial-valves/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_valve

https://www.solarturbines.com/en_US/services/equipment-optimization/system-upgrades/performance-and-durability.html

https://www.wartsila.com/

https://www.energy.gov/

What is Flow control valve?

You must have seen the flow control valves at home by now and you are somewhat familiar with it. Its main task is to control the flow of fluid. In this article, we will fully introduce the flow control valves. In fact, you will get acquainted with Flow control valve types and functions. Stay with us.

A flow control valve regulates the flow or pressure of a fluid. Control valves normally respond to signals generated by independent devices such as flow meters or temperature gauges.

Control valves are normally fitted with actuators and positioners. Pneumatically-actuated globe valves and diaphragm valves are widely used for control purposes in many industries, although quarter-turn types such as (modified) ball and butterfly valves are also used.

 

 

Typically, for a closed pressure control loop, the pressure in an enclosed volume is controlled. The pressure within the closed volume is measured and used as feedback for the closed control loop. Then the controller sets the position of the flow control valve to change the mass flow into the volume. In this case, the mass flow out of the enclosed volume can be seen as a process disturbance. Even if not measurable, it is important that the system also controls the mass flow out of the enclosed volume. This information can be used directly by the feedforward controller to improve the transient behavior without additional measurements. With this type of feedforward control, the mass flow into the enclosed volume is compensated by the outgoing mass flow, even before the measured pressure changes.

 

 

Control valves can also work with hydraulic actuators (also known as hydraulic pilots). These types of valves are also known as automatic control valves. The hydraulic actuators respond to changes of pressure or flow and will open/close the valve. Automatic control valves do not require an external power source, meaning that the fluid pressure is enough to open and close them. Read more here

Types of Flow Control Valves

The most popular flow control valve types are Gate Valves, Needle Valves, Diaphragm Valves, Globe Valves, and Pinch Valves. Now we’ll explain these types in detail and talk about their functions.

 

 

 

• Pinch Valves

Pinch valves are among flow control valve types that are affordable and popular in the industry. They use flexible elements such as rubber tubes for sealing purposes. Designed to help the valves to tightly seal around entrapped solid with their flexibility, these rubber sleeves are the only moistened part in a pinch valve.

Continue this article in this link. You can also refer to the sources mentioned at the end of this post for further reading.

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/flow-control-valve-types-and-functions/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_control_valve

https://www.wartsila.com/insights/article/next-generation-unic-automation-system-enables-wartsila-31-performance

https://www.homedepot.com/s/Flow%2520control%2520valve?NCNI-5

Learn more about different types of electric motors

Surely you have heard the name of electric motors many times and you have information about it. In this article, we intend to define and study electric motors in more detail. We will also introduce the different types of electric motors and explain each one separately. Stay with us.

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, inverters or electrical generators. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates with a reversed flow of power, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Using frequency converters means that the pumps can operate at optimum performance during any unloading conditions, resulting in higher total system efficiency and lower power consumption. When used as a direct drive force, electric motors also increase system efficiency compared with alternative systems.

 

 

Dramatic energy and cost savings can be achieved in motor systems by applying the best energy management practices and purchasing energy-efficiency equipment. 

Types of Electric Motors

Electric motors are generally divided into two categories, AC and DC, and each of the thin categories includes other items.

 

 

 

• AC Motors

The AC motor is one of the types of electric motors that uses current with an alternating direction. These motors are not as easily speed-controlled as DC ones; however, with a bit of power penalty, one can use AC motors with variable frequency drives to have better speed control.

 

• DC Motors

In DC types of electric motors, DC electrical energy is turned into mechanical energy. DC motors can be whether self-excited or separately excited. However, the self-excited DC motors are probably more interesting if you can use them for your application. Read More Here

 

DC motors can also be classified based on whether they have brushed DC (BDC) or brushless DC (BLDC). Brushed DC motors are cheap and simple to design and manufacture; however, BLDC motors are complex and pricy. In general, small and insensitive applications such as appliances and car power windows and seats could use BDC motors, whereas applications such as HVAC and refrigeration, car electric motors, and other similar industrial systems would work with BLDC.

 

 

 

You can refer to the following sources to read more about electric motors types.

 

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-electric-motors/

https://www.wartsila.com/media/news/23-11-2009-cpc-selects-state-of-the-art-cargo-pump-room-system-from-hamworthy

https://www.energy.gov/eere/amo/motor-systems

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor

Is solar energy renewable?

In the previous articles, we introduced solar energy. In this article, we intend to review the previous articles to examine the issue of whether solar energy is renewable or non-renewable? To answer this question, read this article to the end.

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants, and artificial photosynthesis.

 

 

As prices continue to fall, solar energy is increasingly becoming an economical energy choice for American homeowners and businesses. Still, the biggest hurdle to affordable solar energy remains the soft costs -- like permitting, zoning, and hooking a solar system up to the power gird. On average, local permitting and inspection processes add more than $2,500 to the total cost of a solar energy system and can take up to six months to complete. 

China is focusing strongly on the deployment of wind and solar energy to support global emission reduction targets. However, to fully optimize the output from wind and solar parks, a fundamental change is required to the country’s power system operation. With a high proportion of China’s wind power located in the north and the north-east and load centres situated in the south and the south-east, the country recognises the need to transmit clean power through the country. To bridge the geographical divide, the Chinese government has plans to invest at least CNY 2 trillion ($315 bn) in its power grid infrastructure (Reuters 2015).

 

 

The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass.The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined, The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limit the amount of solar energy that we can acquire.

Solar technologies are characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on the distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than Geothermal power and Tidal power, derive their energy either directly or indirectly from the Sun. Read more

 

 

The question is solar energy renewable or nonrenewable takes us to the point that solar energy that we receive here on planet earth is finite and will come to an end. While the sun has been in existence for 4.6 billion years, and it has been present throughout the existence of the human species, there will come a time when it will no longer exist.

As such, in the grandness of time, even solar energy that we receive here on planet earth is finite and will come to an end. 

Read more can be seen in this link. You can also use the following resources.

 

References:

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/smartpowergeneration/content-center/reducing-wind-curtailment-in-china-with-smart-power-generation_white-paper.pdf?sfvrsn=54aac645_2

https://www.energy.gov/articles/top-6-things-you-didnt-know-about-solar-energy

https://www.linquip.com/blog/solar-energy-renewable-or-nonrenewable/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy

https://www.wartsila.com/insights/article/space-based-solar-power-fact-or-fiction

Everything about Solar Energy

We have talked about solar energy in previous articles. In this article, we intend to introduce the types of solar energy and have a more detailed study about them. We will now have a brief overview of the definition of solar energy. Solar energy is a renewable energy that does not harm the environment. Join us.

When you need a reliable energy storage solution, Solar Turbines is a perfect choice. the energy storage solution is backed by a world-class Customer Services organization, providing the highest quality experience from your initial inquiry through your equipment’s useful life.

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

A few years ago, the possibility of collecting solar energy from space and distributing it to the earth seemed like an idea that was light years away. Not anymore. Several countries including the US, China, Japan, India, and many countries in Europe are working on harnessing space-based solar power (SBSP) and are also building new technologies to facilitate it.

 

 

It is an essential source of renewable energy, and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power, and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Read more

As prices continue to fall, solar energy is increasingly becoming an economical energy choice for American homeowners and businesses. Still, the biggest hurdle to affordable solar energy remains the soft costs -- like permitting, zoning and hooking a solar system up to the power gird. On average, local permitting and inspection processes add more than $2,500 to the total cost of a solar energy system and can take up to six months to complete. The SunShot Initiative’s soft costs program works to make it faster and cheaper for families and businesses to go solar.

 

 

Solar Energy Types

We generally have two categories of solar energy:

 

• Passive solar energy

 

Passive solar energy is the type of harnessing the sun without the use of mechanical devices. Passive solar heating systems are a simple and cost-effective way to take advantage of the sun’s free, renewable energy and displace the need for electricity, natural gas, or other active energy systems. Strategic planning of building location, orientation, and materials provide great control over the inside temperature.

• Active solar energy

Active solar energy classifies technologies related to the use of solar energy that uses mechanical or electrical equipment to improve performance or to process the energy obtained by converting it into electrical or mechanical energy. These pieces of equipment can be fans, water pumps, etc.

 

 

To read more about different types of solar energy, you can refer to the following sources.

References:

https://www.solarturbines.com/en_US/solutions/power-generation/energy-storage.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy

https://www.energy.gov/articles/top-6-things-you-didnt-know-about-solar-energy

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-solar-energy/

https://www.wartsila.com/insights/article/space-based-solar-power-fact-or-fiction

what is hvac system?

 HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning and is a device that provides heat and cold and generally heat and ventilation of an environment, whether it is a building or a car. First, we will explain the full definition of Wikipedia from HVAC, then we will mention and review the types of HVAC, and at the end, we will name and explain its components. So read this article to the end and stay with us.

What is HVAC?

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).

HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single-family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.

 

 

 

Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.

Ventilation often refers to the intentional delivery of the outside air to the building's indoor environment. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building are divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

 

 

 

The DOE Zero Energy Ready Home program frequently receives inquiries about the need for qualifying projects to use an HVAC contractor who is certified by an H-QUITO1. The DOE Zero Energy Ready Home program incorporates all of the ENERGY STAR Homes provisions. While commissioning is important for all HVAC systems, Versions 3 and 3.1 of the ENERGY STAR program are focused on using a credentialed contractor to properly commission the most common heating and cooling system types. Accordingly, the ENERGY STAR Homes requirement to use a credentialed HVAC contractor also includes some important exemptions, as called out by the ENERGY STAR HVAC checklists.

HVAC System Parts and Diagram

There are different parts for an HVAC system based on its application, but one can consider what occurs in an evaporative cooling system as a widely used case throughout the world and get a sense of what is generally happening in the system. The logic for heating is in a way similar and can be deduced from here. Now, the key components for a cooling system include the expansion valve, evaporator, compressor, condenser, and drier. Click for more information.

 

 

References:

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/12/f34/DOE%20ZERH%20-%20When%20is%20a%20Credential%20HVAC%20Contractor%20Required%2012142016.pdf

https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/heating-ventilation-and-air-conditioning-rd-project-portfolio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning

https://www.linquip.com/blog/what-is-hvac/

All the positive points of Tidal Energy

The conversion of tidal energy into electrical energy (and other energies) is called tidal energy.

Tidal energy is very expensive while renewable and does not harm the environment. In this article, we intend to express the positive points of tidal energy and have an overview of this energy. So read this article to the end.

Tidal power or tidal energy is harnessed by converting energy from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity using various methods.

 

 

Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal energy has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed and that economic and environmental costs may be brought down to competitive levels.

Successful tidal energy demonstration in the Sound was expected to facilitate technical advancement and commercial development of the tidal energy industry, providing benefits for both the region and the country. As the second-largest public utility in Washington, the District is well position to share key learning among other regional and national stakeholders. 

Advantages of Tidal Energy 

 

• It is renewable
• It is effective at low speeds.
• cost-effectiveness
• It is environment-friendly
• It has long-lasting Equipment

 

It is environment-friendly

Aside from being renewable, tidal energy is also an environmentally friendly energy source because it does not take up a lot of space and does not emit any greenhouse gases. Conventional fossil fuels contribute to air pollution, whereas tidal power leaves no by-products. Tidal energy application also creates less noise as the sound is transmitted through water. Read more

 

 

 

You can read all the Tidal Energy Advantages in the following sources.

 

 

References:

 

https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/project-profile-puget-sound-tidal-energy-water-testing-development-project

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/advantages-of-tidal-energy/

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power

How many types of ball valves do we have and what parts are they made of?

Ball valves are a type of valves that are used in industrial and domestic applications. But they also have different types. Join us to learn about different types of ball valves and their efficiency.

A ball valve is a form of quarter-turn valve which uses a hollow, perforated, and pivoting ball to control flow through it. It is open when the ball's hole is in line with the flow and closed when it is pivoted 90-degrees by the valve handle. The handle lies flat in alignment with the flow when open, and is perpendicular to it when closed, making for easy visual confirmation of the valve's status. The shut position 1/4 turn could be in either CW or CCW direction. (S = SHUT, O = OPEN)

 

Ball valves are durable, performing well after many cycles, and reliable, closing securely even after long periods of disuse. These qualities make them an excellent choice for shutoff and control applications, where they are often preferred to gates and globe valves, but they lack their fine control in throttling applications.

 

ball valve types:

Manually operated ball valve

Manually operated ball valves are easy to use and simplistic in design. The opening and the closing of the valve in this type happens by a quarter turn. The disadvantage is that this quick function might result in the danger of water hammer. Read more

Ball valve components

 

• PVC
• Iron
• Bronze and Brass

You can get more information about ball valves and their types by referring to this link and also the sources mentioned at the end.
 

 

 

References:

 

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/ball-valve-types-and-their-uses/

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_valve

 

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/07/f76/CX-021865.pdf

 

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/product-files/seals-bearings/datasheets/wartsila-water-quality-systems-ds.pdf?sfvrsn=2740cc44_5

Positive and negative characteristics of wind energy

 Wind energy is a type of energy in which fossil fuels play no role and do no harm to the environment. But this type of energy, like other energies, has many disadvantages in addition to many advantages. Join us in this article to explore the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy.

Wind power or wind energy

ind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide mechanical power through wind turbines to turn electric generators for electrical power. Wind power is a popular sustainable, renewable source of power that has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.

 

 

Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines, which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric power, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants. Onshore wind farms have a greater visual impact on the landscape than other power stations, as they need to be spread over more land and need to be built away from dense population. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land and offshore farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance costs are significantly higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid or provide power to isolated off-grid locations.

Europe is already a world leader in the wind energy market, but the plans of the European Commission are even more ambitious. Offshore wind power generation is central to its plan for transition to a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. The goal to increase the offshore installed capacity from the current 20 GW up to 450 GW by 2050 are achievable, according to WindEurope, an association promoting the use of wind power on the continent. The key factors for success are the right spatial maritime planning along with investments in the offshore and onshore grid.

A wind turbine uses the energy in wind to convert mechanical rotation into electricity. The design of the turbine blades, including material, shape, size, and orientation, influences the efficiency of the wind turbine.

Solar Turbines is an energy solutions company that converts the energy stored in fuel to essentially do the same thing.

Wind Energy Advantages and Disadvantages

disadvantages including:

 

Wind turbines have effects on wildlife: have you ever thought of the number of birds and bats killed by the wind power facilities? Wind turbines can be dangerous as their rotor can kill the flying animals. Experts are now doing research and experimentations to know more about the possible effects that turbines have on the wildlife.

 

 

Wind turbines have effects on the beautiful nature scenes: some people are worried about the visual effects that wind turbines have on the beautiful scenery of nature. Giant wind turbines and the distraction they cause are one of the issues viewers are struggling with.

 

advantages including:

 

Wind activates the turbines and in comparison to burning fossil fuels, wind energy is far more eco-friendly for producing electricity. Countries such as the United States remaining dependent on fossil fuels and attempting to rely on the supply of fossil fuels leave their economy exposed to market volatility by increasing the price of fossil fuels. Wind power can free such countries from the figurative economic bondage of fossil fuels. As the turbines and their belongings have been installed, we will find that the cost of turbines maintenance in comparison to the amount of electricity generated is about nothing. Read more

 

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/wind-energy-advantages-and-disadvantages/

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power

 

https://www.solarturbines.com/en_US/about-us/news-and-press-releases/powering-the-community-with-solars-innovators-labs.html

 

https://www.wartsila.com/insights/article/as-europe-aims-for-carbon-neutrality-wind-power-has-an-important-role-to-play

 

https://www.energy.gov/articles/record-year-american-wind-industry