Review of P-Type and N-Type Semiconductor

What do you know about semiconductors? In this article, we intend to introduce semiconductors and their applications. In the following, we will examine the types of semiconductors and express the Differences Between P-Type and N-Type Semiconductor.

What is a semiconductor?

A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as metallic copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Its resistivity falls as its temperature rises; metals behave the opposite. Its conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by introducing impurities ("doping") into the crystal structure. When two differently-doped regions exist in the same crystal, a semiconductor junction is created. The behavior of charge carriers, which include electrons, ions and electron holes, at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors and all modern electronics. Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called "metalloid staircase" on the periodic table. After silicon, gallium arsenide is the second most common semiconductor and is used in laser diodes, solar cells, microwave-frequency integrated circuits, and others. Silicon is a critical element for fabricating most electronic circuits.

 

 

 

Types of semiconductors

Here we consider two types of semiconductors, N, and P.

Extrinsic semiconductors are components of many common electrical devices. A semiconductor diode (devices that allow current in only one direction) consists of p-type and n-type semiconductors placed in junction with one another. Currently, most semiconductor diodes use doped silicon or germanium. Click for more information.

P-Type Semiconductor VS N-Type Semiconductor

A p-type semiconductor is created when group III elements are doped to a complete semiconductor material. As opposite, an n-type semiconductor is created when group V elements are doped to an intrinsic semiconductor.

As components like gallium, boron, indium, etc., are doped to form a p-type semiconductor; therefore, it creates an additional hole, thus also known as acceptor atom. On the contrary, components like bismuth, arsenic, antimony, etc., are doped to have an n-type semiconductor, creating an additional electron, thus also termed as donor atom. Read more

 

References:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/differences-between-p-type-and-n-type-semiconductor/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrinsic_semiconductor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor

https://cdn.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/marine-documents/guidance-marine/brochures/wartsila-cyscan-mk4.pdf?sfvrsn=4906b944_4

Comparison of thermocouples and thermopiles

What is Thermocouple? What is Thermopile? What are their uses? What are their features? 

Read this article to know more about the difference between Thermocouple and Thermopile and their features and applications.

Thermocouple

A thermocouple is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors forming an electrical junction. A thermocouple produces a temperature-dependent voltage as a result of the thermoelectric effect, and this voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature. Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor. Read more

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple

 

 

Thermopile

A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, i.e., generating a voltage when its dissimilar metals (thermocouples) are exposed to a temperature difference. More informations

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermopile

 

 

Thermocouple vs. Thermopile

There are three main differences between thermocouple vs. thermopile. The most obvious difference is that thermopiles include a series of interconnected and special thermocouples, which means that any system using thermopiles technically includes thermocouples.

To read more in this field, you can refer to the following sources.

 

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/thermocouple-vs-thermopile/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple

https://www.homedepot.com/s/Thermopile?NCNI-5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermopile

Everything you need to know about the difference between insulator and circuit breaker

In this article, we are going to talk about Isolator and Circuit Breaker. Let's examine each of them separately, express their applications, and mention the Difference Between Isolator and Circuit Breaker. Stay with us.

Isolator and Circuit Breaker

An isolator is one type of switching device, and its fundamental function is to make sure that a circuit is totally not triggered in order to perform the preservation. It is also recognizable like isolation switches to isolate a fraction of the electrical circuit when it is required.

 

 

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.

 

 

Isolator vs Circuit Breaker

Some of the Difference Between Isolator and Circuit Breaker include the following and we will examine each of these in the following.

 

• Construction
• Withstand Capacity
• Operation
• Function

 

 

Function:

When a fault occurs in a substation, then the isolator cuts out a portion of a substation. The other apparatus works without any intrusion.
The circuit breaker is like an Automatic circuit breaker (ACB) or Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) that trips the entire system if there is an error occurs.

read more

 

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker

https://www.wartsila.com/

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-isolator-and-circuit-breaker/

https://www.homedepot.com/

Differences between active and passive electrical components

One factor that distinguishes electrical components is their Active and Passive. In this article, we will examine the Active and Passive electrical components and the application of each and the Difference Between Active and Passive Components Stay with us.

Active Components vs Passive Components

Active elements in the circuit are components that provide power or energy to the circuit by extracting the power from an external source.

 

Passive elements in a circuit are components that cannot produce energy in the circuit in which they are operated. However, they can store or consume the power present in the circuit.

 

Active component is equipment that can amplify the output signal of an electronic circuit in the amount more than in the input signal.

 

Passive components are tools that control or alter the output of an electronic circuit without playing an active function in their performance.

To read more about the differences between Active and Passive Components click here.

 

Active components include diodes, transistors, and inactive components include resistors, capacitors, and inductors.

 

Diode :

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one direction, from cathode to plate.

 

 

Resistor :

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.

Changing the electrical current applied to the material steers the flow of the current in different directions. So, at the flip of a switch, the new material goes from letting the electrons in an electrical current flow to blocking them, or forcing them to move in specific directions at particular times: From acting like a transistor to acting like a resistor, or even a diode or a rectifier. Read more

 

 

 

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-active-and-passive-components/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor

https://www.energy.gov/articles/transistors-resistors-and-back-again

Everything you need to know about Synchronous Motors

 Motors are an integral part of electrical energy and are used in industry and home applications. In this article, we intend to examine one of the types of engines in detail. Synchronous motors. Join us to get detailed information about this engine and its applications.

 

What Is a Synchronous Motor?

A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which, at steady state,the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors contain multiphase AC electromagnets on the stator of the motor that create a magnetic field which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current. The rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with the stator field at the same rate and as a result, provides the second synchronized rotating magnet field of any AC motor. A synchronous motor is termed doubly fed if it is supplied with independently excited multiphase AC electromagnets on both the rotor and stator. read more

 

 

Components of synchronous motors

 

Like many other motors, the stator and the rotor are two main components of the synchronous motor. The stator frame of a synchronous motor has a wrapper plate that key bars and circumferential ribs are attached to. To support the machine, footings or frame mounts are used and slip rings and brushes are used to excite field windings with DC. 

For more information about synchronous motors, refer to this link.

 

References :

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/synchronous-motors-definition/

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_motor

 

https://www.homedepot.com/p/AP-Products-Dual-Motor-Synchronous-Velocity-211852/313020536?NCNI-5

 

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/replace_vbelts_motor_systemts5.pdf

What is the difference between single-phase and three-phase generators?

In this article, we are going to examine the differences between single phase and three phase generators. Stay with us. 

Single-phase generator (also known as single-phase alternator) is an alternating current electrical generator that produces a single, continuously alternating voltage. Single-phase generators can be used to generate power in single-phase electric power systems. However, polyphase generators are generally used to deliver power in three-phase distribution system and the current is converted to single-phase near the single-phase loads instead. Therefore, single-phase generators are found in applications that are most often used when the loads being driven are relatively light, and not connected to a three-phase distribution, for instance, portable engine-generators. Larger single-phase generators are also used in special applications such as single-phase traction power for railway electrification systems.

Three-phase generators are also a powerful source of energy that is widely used in the industry.

 

 

single-phase generators vs three-phase generators

The flow of current in the AC power which is a kind of electricity, frequently changes direction. The power supply’s system has been categorized into two different types: Single Phase and Three Phase power supply. Both of these generators use AC power to refer units. But the reliability of delivery is the main difference between them.

three phase generators are usually used in business or industrial settings to run the high loads but single-phase generators are mainly for residential use since home appliances need less power. read more

 

 

 

 

You can refer to this link to read more about single phase vs three phase generators.

 

 

References :

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-phase_generator

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator

 

https://www.homedepot.com/

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/difference-between-single-phase-and-three-phase-generators/

 

Everythings about Gas Turbine

In this article, we are going to introduce a gas turbine. We will also examine the Gas Turbine Cycles and its different types.

Which cycle is used for gas turbine?

The basic operation of this turbine type has roots in the gas turbine cycle which is also known as the Brayton cycle. The gas turbine cycle works like this:

Though this cycle is not ideal for open circle gas turbines, it’s still used for them with a small change in the steps. They are perfect for the closed-cycle gas turbine. This cycle contains four steps:

*Isentropic compression in the compressor

read more

What is Gas Turbine:

A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous and internal combustion engine. The main elements common to all gas turbine engines are:

an upstream rotating gas compressor

a combustor

a downstream turbine on the same shaft as the compressor.

The first gas turbine type was turbojet engines. Although they look entirely different from reciprocal engines, they operate on the same principle: intake, compression, power and exhaust. In this type of engine, air is moved at a high speed to the fuel inlet and ignitor of the combustion chamber. The turbine induces accelerated exhaust gases by expanding air. Click here to read more about different types of gas turbine.

 

Refrences:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/gas-turbine-type-applications/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine

https://www.linquip.com/blog/gas-turbine-cycle/

https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/news/magazine/2020/low-vibration-turbine-blades.html

What are the types of cooling towers?

In this article, we are going to talk about cooling towers. Join us.

 

 

What are the  types of cooling towers?

 

Different types of cooling towers are there to help solve a major problem in the modern world: removing excess heat! A large amount of heat generated by industrial processes and different machines should be removed if you want your system to operate efficiently and to decrease the amount of money you need to pay for the extra pressure that such inefficient systems use.

 

Below, you can see the different classification of Cooling Tower Types:

 

Categorization based on the method of heat transfer

Construction-characterized systems

Atmospheric systems

 

read more

 

What is a cooling tower?

 

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.

 

 

 

Refrences:

 

https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-cooling-towers/

 

https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/offerings/services/performance-enhancement/modernization-upgrades/condenser.html

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_tower

Everything about Disposable Respirators which you should know

Each year there are many death reports caused by respiratory and lung disease which are estimated that their main reason is previous lung exposures at works. knowing that their lungs are at risk in worksites, some workers and staff don’t pay enough attention to protections. the main reason why workers are sometimes indifferent to the health of their lungs in the workplace is that the hazard of respiratory disease is not often visible to see and consequences may not be apparent immediately. Sometimes symptoms take years to be revealed. There are a couple of things that employers can do to protect their workers’ lungs against airborne particles produced in the work environment. These particles can seriously affect workers’ health. One of the most easy-to-do solutions to protect workers’ lungs from exposure to harmful dust and fumes in the workplace is wearing disposable respirators or disposable masks.

 

Disposable Masks

One of the most frequent usages of disposable masks is in industries and different workplaces. Disposable respirators are masks mostly designed cup-shaped to be worn over nose and mouth. These masks are held on the face by straps running behind the head. Wearing disposable masks can prevent harmful substances produced from any working activity, from entering the lungs. By wearing these masks, workers, and staff greatly protect their lungs from possible damages. Good to know that most of these masks will only provide a certain level of protection, and protect against only some potential respiratory dangers. There are many different types of industrial masks and the most considerable thing one should think of is the protection level of the mask.

 

Choosing an industrial mask mostly depends on the element and substances may be present in the air of the working environment. Some provide a limited level of protection while others may protect lungs from most of the threatening hazards. Now that we have to live in a world infected with the Coronavirus COVID-19, wearing masks can be like achieving two aims with one action which covers a recommendation and a world obligation.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have been employed as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Their use is intended as personal protection to prevent infection and as source control to limit transmission of the virus in a community or healthcare setting. The use of masks has received varying recommendations from different public health agencies and governments. The World Health Organization and other public health organisations agree that masks can limit the spread of respiratory viral diseases such as COVID-19. However, the topic has been a subject of debate, with some public health agencies and governments initially disagreeing on a protocol for wearing face masks.

Click here for more information about Disposable Respirator.You can also visit the Wikipedia website.

 

 

 

Introducing the best solar batteries for residential and commercial use

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often the electical building blocks of photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as solar panels. The common single junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 volts.

• Lithium Solar Batteries

This item is among the best solar batteries available. Lithium Solar Batteries are a great option with a really low maintenance need and they can cycle almost all of their rated capacity. That’s why they’re great intermittent and full-time use in demanding solar storage applications.

Storage for the home

One of the Bosch products to be seen at the worlds leading exhibition for the solar industry and its partners is Bosch Power Tec’s BPT-S 5 Hybrid. The size of a refrigerator, this electricity storage system is suited to home use, storing the electricity a photovoltaic system generates during the day so that a family can draw it down when the sun is not shining any longer. The BPT-S 5 Hybrid is available with a basic storage capacity of 4.4 kWh, which can be expanded as required in modular steps of 2.2 kWh up to a maximum of 13.2 kWh. The BPT-S 5 Hybrid is the worlds only PV storage system to have received security certification for all components of the system from an independent institute. This satisfies the highest international safety standards. Bosch Power Tec has already amassed 200,000 hours of experience with its electricity storage systems.

• Solar Power Battery Bank

The second item is the Solar Power Battery Bank. It is cost-effective and can withstand low temperatures. Just like Lithium Solar Batteries, this type also has very low maintenance needs. But keep in mind that they are not suitable for applications that require frequent cycling since they store less energy. Don’t forget that they should be stores in a ventilated and dry place and away from any heat sources.

 

You can refer to this link to get more information about solar batteries suitable for residential and office buildings.

References:

https://www.linquip.com/blog/best-solar-batteries/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

https://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/en/bosch-batteries-store-wind-and-solar-power-42225.html